• Approximately mammalian genes encoding family A or rhodopsin

  2021-11-26

  

  Approximately 250 mammalian genes encoding family A (or rhodopsin-like) GPCRs have been cloned (Lee et al., 2001a). As yet, the total number of cloned GPCRs reported in the literature including the secretin and metabotropic glutamate-like families of GPCRs falls short of the projected 616 GPCR-encod

• The importance of FXR FGF

  2021-11-25

  

  The importance of FXR-FGF15/19 signaling in BA homeostasis is illustrated by various BA malabsorption syndromes. Clinically, BA malabsorption causes diarrhea due to high BA concentrations in the colon that lead to secretion of water and electrolytes and stimulation of propulsive contractions [36]. P

• Although in in vitro analyses GANT

  2021-11-25

  

  Although in in vitro analyses GANT61 sensitized Daoy 740 Y-P to RITA treatment, this was not fully reflected in the in vivo xenograft studies in nude mice, as the combinatorial treatment elicited a comparable reduction of tumor growth. However, the dual drug administration reduced within-group varia

• Besides its established insulinotropic actions GIP has been

  2021-11-25

  

  Besides its established insulinotropic actions, GIP has been shown to possess other direct beneficial effects on the beta cell, including stimulation of growth, differentiation, proliferation and survival.21, 22, 23 It has also been shown to stimulate proinsulin gene transcription and translation. M

• br Acknowledgments The research leading to these results

  2021-11-25

  

  Acknowledgments The research leading to these results was funded by European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 222719 – LIFECYCLE and by the Foundation for Science and Technology of Portugal (FCT), through projects PTDC/MAR-BIO/3890/2012 and PEst-C/

• Based on the previous report that FXR regulated PEPCK

  2021-11-25

  

  Based on the previous report that FXR regulated PEPCK indirectly [20], we speculated that FXR may regulate gluconeogenesis by regulating some key transcription factors associated with gluconeogenesis. Finally, by using HS218 as a probe, we found that FXR binds to PGC-1α promoter and directly regulat

• PIK-75 Based on the above presumption activation of Sox and

  2021-11-25

  

  Based on the above presumption, activation of Sox11 and FAK might be beneficial for alleviating the VILI. Previous studies have showed the relevance of Sox11 or FAK up-regulation with improvement of tissue injury. For example, over-expression of Sox11 protected and improved the tissue function or st

• Interest in the non coding genome

  2021-11-25

  

  Interest in the non-coding genome has recently surfaced with accelerated emphasis in the past few years (Li et al., 2016). Transcription factors (TFs) bind to enhancers and mediate RNA initiation from distal transcriptional start sites (TSS) of genes. Epigenome sequencing of human and mouse during d

• We notice that previous reports of arsenic exposure are not

  2021-11-25

  

  We notice that previous reports of arsenic exposure are not completely consistent with each other, in terms of exposure-changed histone acetylations. In an early investigation, As exposure (7.5 μM) of HepG2 L-365,260 increased H3K9ac after 24 h, when analyzed by methods of immunofluorescence and Wes

• Finally we investigated increasing basicity as a way to impr

  2021-11-24

  

  Finally, we investigated increasing basicity as a way to improve solubility. We expected that conversion of the ether linkage of to an -methyl group could improve solubility. More than expected, nm osi synthesis demonstrated significant improvement of values of solubility for the two media, especial

• br Introduction Major depressive disorder MDD is

  2021-11-24

  

  Introduction Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a disease with poorly recognized etiology. Currently used antidepressant drugs, which mainly affect synaptic neurotransmitter levels, show full clinical efficacy in only one third of patients (Rush, 2007). Thus it is now generally accepted that the

• The relationship between estrogen and the Hedgehog pathway

  2021-11-24

  

  The relationship between estrogen and the Hedgehog pathway as well as the associated mechanism have already been investigated in many tissues, especially in breast cancer (Chang et al., 2012, Katayama et al., 2006, Ramaswamy et al., 2012). Hitherto, even though we have proved that HH-Gli pathway pro

• br NLS and NES Mapping br Sequence

  2021-11-24

  

  NLS and NES Mapping Sequence Comparison of Gli NLSs—NLSs in ZF Domains Alignment of the Gli NLSs of representative metazoan animals suggests that the amino HMPL-013 residues in the ZF domains are strongly conserved (Figure 4.2, Figure 4.3B). However, the length of the intervening amino acid s

• It is widely acknowledged that

  2021-11-24

  

  It is widely acknowledged that CpG methylation of the promoter regions of some genes plays an important regulatory role in transcriptional regulation and in the establishment and maintenance of cell type-specific gene expression (Li, 2002, Jaenisch and Bird, 2003). This study obtained multiple lines

• sc9 mg Initially we carried out gap FRAP experiments using

  2021-11-24

  

  Initially, we carried out gap-FRAP experiments using the two-photon configuration of the confocal microscope. A SR101-positive astrocyte was targeted and a 5 × 5 μm square area was exposed to a laser illumination (5 flashes of 5 s each during 25 s). This procedure resulted in a bleaching of this ast

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